Al-Mu'azzam Isa
Ayyubid Sultan of Damascus 1218–1227
Episodes
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#5803: Who Built Jerusalem's Old City Walls?The stone ring around Jerusalem's Old City is younger than you think — and the legend about its architects is wrong. -
#5494: How Ancient Jerusalem Outgrew Its Own WallsJerusalem's Old City walls are Ottoman, not ancient — and the original city sits outside them. Tracing 4,000 years of expansion and contraction.